(Part III) Geography Concepts and Principles
17. The concept of Complementarity / Complementarity
The actual or potential relationship of two places or regions that each produces different goods or services for which the other has an effective demand, resulting in an exchange between the locales. 17) Difference between two / more places in terms of specifications.
Example / illustration:
Coastal areas provide marine products which will be exchanged (in trade) with the results of the upland area plantations.
18. The concept of transferability / transferability
Acceptable costs of a spatial exchange; the cost of moving a commodity relative to the ability of the commodity to bear that cost. 18) A different thing can be moved to another place.
Example / illustration:
Coastal fisheries products in the form of sea fish, shellfish, crabs, and others can be moved to the mountains. But it is not possible for humans to move the sea to the mountains.
19. The concept of Interverning opportunity
The concepts that closer opportunities will materially reduce the attractiveness of interactions with more distant - even slightly better - alternatives; a closer alternative source of supply between the demand point and the original source of supply. 19).
Example / illustration:
The development of cities other than Jakarta reduces the number of job seekers in Jakarta. Job seekers tend to prefer workplaces that are closer to where they live.
20. The concept of Diffusion / Diffusion
The spread or movement of a phenomenon over space through time. The dispersion of a culture trait or characteristic or new ideas and practices from an origin area (eg, language, plant domestication, new industrial technology). Recognized types include relocation, expansion, contagious, and hierarchical diffusion. 20).
Example / illustration:
Javanese migration to many places in the Indonesian archipelago has influenced the way people are socialized. Javanese are known to be more tolerant of others.
21. The concept of relocation diffusion
In relocation diffusion, the innovation or idea is physically carried out to new areas by migrating individuals or populations that possess it. Mentifacts or artifacts are therefore introduced into new locales by new settlers who become part of the population not themselves associated with or in contact with the origin area of the innovation. 21.b)
Example / illustration:
The spread of religion by permanent residents or residents (who first came and settled in a place) or conquerors of an area is an example of the diffusion of relocation.
The concept of contact diffusion / Contagious Diffusion
A form of expansion diffusion that depends on direct contact. The process of dispersion is centrifugal, strongly influenced by distance, and dependent on the interaction between the actual and potential adopters of the innovation. Its name is derived from the pattern of spread of contagious disease. 22).
Example / illustration:
Christian belief in Europe spread from Rome as the center of the perpetrators and then to the provincial capital and then spread to places controlled by the pagan Roman population.
Geography Function
a. As a spatial analysis tool with interrelated processes, for example the linkage of physical and socio-economic aspects;
b. As an environmental analysis tool that functions to analyze the relationship between humans and the environment in which they live;
c. As a regional analysis tool so that it can provide characteristics in a region, which can distinguish between one region with another region.