Geography Concepts: Examples and Principles
Geography Concepts: Examples, Principles, and Aspects - Concepts in the Study of Geography This paper was completed to fulfill the task of deepening subject matter Introduction to Geography Supporting lecturer: Dr. R. Rijanta, M. Sc. The term Geography comes from the Greek geo which means earth and graphien which means imaging. Geography is the science that describes everything on the surface of the earth.
Geography concept
See the Core List:
Understanding Geography According to Experts
a. Karl Ritter Geography is the study of areas that differ on the surface of the earth (differential area) in diversity.
b. Finch C. Vernor Geography is a study that explains, explains an area on the surface of the earth accompanied by analysis. Not only highlighting certain phenomena, but paying attention to the changes and dynamics that occur above it.
c. Elsworth Huntington Geography is the study of nature and its distribution through the relationship between the environment and activity (human qualities).
d. Bintarto Geography is a study that studies the causal relationships of symptoms on the surface of the earth and events that occur on the surface of the earth. Physical as well as studies that include living things and their problems. The study was conducted through a spatial, ecological, regional approach to program interests, processes and success.
e. Indonesian Geography Association (IGI) Geography is a study of knowledge that studies the similarities and differences in the geosphere through environmental and territorial approaches in spatial contexts.
Geography Concepts and Examples
1. The concept of Geography as spatial science
Geography is an integrative field of science that studies phenomena on the earth (in the physical and human dimensions) using spatial perspectives.
1) Geography as spatial science studies how and why natural and artificial phenomena can differ from one place to another on earth. The discipline is concerned with the use of the earth space. The study of spatial variations, of how-and why — things differ from place to place on the surface of the earth. 1b).
Example / illustration:
There are different types of land between regions A and B. In addition, the dominant landscape between the two regions is different. Different types of land and landscapes between the two regions are caused by different natural phenomena.
2. The concept of Geography as an idiographic science
Idiographic means to study / describe something rigidly / in detail. 2) Geography as an idiographic science whose material object includes the geosphere means studying the atmosphere, hydrosphere, pedosphere, and anthroposphere in detail.
Example / illustration:
A geographer can explain in detail about Enggano Island, one of the small islands in Indonesia, both relative and absolute location and weather conditions, soil, and population density. One contribution of the application of this concept is mapping.
3. The concept of Geography as nomothetic science
Nomothetic means looking for propositions, theories, laws based on order that occurs in nature. Geography as nomothetic science means it can find distinctive patterns based on phenomena that occur on the surface of the earth. The hypothesis of a phenomenon is then tested, then a theory and a model are built. 3)
Example / illustration:
The frequency of settlements in villages is less than in cities. The density level has a distinctive pattern that is increasingly compacted towards the center of the city.
4. The concept of spatial interaction
The movement (e.g., of people, goods, information) between different places and an indication of independence between different geographic locations or areas. 4) Requirements for spatial interactions are: i. Complementality ii. Transparency iii. There is no third party who mediates between the two interacting parties (direct interaction).
Example / illustration:
The occurrence of exports - imports of industrial raw materials between Indonesia - Japan. The interaction is carried out directly by the two countries. The cooperation will be smoother if the commodity transfer path runs smoothly.
5. Concept of Environmental Determinism
Environmental determinism is the belief that the physical environment exclusively shapes humans, their actions, and their thoughts. 5) The natural environment is determining / influencing humans and their lives.
Example / illustration:
Extreme environmental conditions (very dry, very cold, very uncertain climate, very heavy relief) such as those found in the African continent make the lives of its inhabitants as if dependent on 'the mercy of nature'.