Geography - Definition, Branches, Concepts, Scope, Experts: The word Geography comes from the Greek Geo: earth Graphein: writing. The concern about geography is not only related to the physical nature of the earth and the parts of the universe that affect the earth.
Definition of Geography
The word Geography comes from the Greek Geo: earth Graphein: writing. Attention about geography is not only related to the physical nature of the earth and the parts of the universe that affect the earth, but includes all phenomena that exist on the surface of the earth both physical phenomena and social phenomena. Basically the essence of the study of Geography is the reciprocal relationship between humans and the environment.
Understanding Geography According to Experts
According to Erastothenes, Geography is the writing of the earth. This definition is in accordance with the development of geography at that time which discussed the state of other regions (geo = earth; graphein = writing or description).
According to Claudius Ptolomaeus, geography is a presentation through maps of some and all of the earth's surface.
John Mackinder (1861-1947) a geographer gave a definition of geography as a study of the relationship between humans and the natural surroundings.
Ekblaw and Mulkerne argued that geography is the science that studies the earth and its life, influencing our outlook on life, the food we consume, the clothes we use, the homes we inhabit and the recreational areas we enjoy.
Strabo, said that geography is closely related to certain characteristics of a place by taking into account the relationship between various places as a whole. Geography since its development, starting from telling about other regions, has been more specialized and the concept of region has been established, namely regions that already have their own characteristics and relationships between regions (places).
Bintarto (1977) Geography The study of the causal relationships of the phenomenon on the surface of the earth and the events that occur on the surface of the earth, both physically and concerning living things and their problems through spatial, ecological, and regional approaches for the benefit of programs, processes and successful development.
Preston E. James, put forward geography related to spatial systems, space that occupies the surface of the earth. Geography is always related to the mutual relationship between humans and their habitats.
According to Ullman (1954), Geography is the interaction between spaces.
Maurice Le Lannou (1959) argues that the object of geographic study is the group of people and their organizations on earth
Paul Claval (1976) argues that Geography always wants to explain symptoms in terms of spatial relationships
Karl Ritter, Geography is the science of the different regions of the earth's surface (Different areas) in their diversity.
John Hanrath, Geography is knowledge that investigates the distribution of biological and anthropological physical phenomena in space on the surface of the earth, cause and effect according to measure of value, motives for which results can be compared.
Vernor E. Finch and Glen Trewartha (1980), Geography is a description and explanation that analyzes the surface of the earth and its views on things that are always changing and dynamic, not static and fixed. From the above understanding Vernor & Glen focuses on the physical aspects that exist on earth that are always changing from time to time.
Hartshorne (1950), Geography is the science that has the interest to provide a careful, orderly, and rational description of the variable nature of the earth's surface. In Hartshorne's view, geography is a science that is able to explain the properties of the earth's surface variables in a thorough, orderly, and rational manner.
Yeates (1963), Geography is the study of rational development and the location of various diverse properties on the surface of the earth. In Yeates's view, geography is the science that plays a role in the development of a location that is influenced by the properties that exist on the surface of the earth without ignoring rational reasons.
Alexander (1958), Geography is the study of the influence of the natural environment on human activity. In Alexander's view, it began to discuss the interrelationships between human activities and their effects on the natural environment.
Von Rithoffen (1905), Geography is the study of the phenomena and properties of the earth's surface and its inhabitants arranged according to their location, and tries to explain the interrelationships between these symptoms and characteristics.
Paul Vidal de La Blace (1915), Geography is the science of the quality of countries, where the determination of a life depends on how humans manage nature.
Bisri Mustofa (2007), Geography is the science that describes the earth's surface, climate, population, flora, fauna and the results obtained from the earth.
Herioso Setiyono (1996), Geography is the study of the reciprocal relationship between humans and their environment and refers to the pattern of horizontal distribution on the surface of the earth.
Depdikbud (1989), Geography is a study of the earth's surface, climate, population, flora, fauna, and the results obtained from the earth.
The results of seminars and workshops in Semarang (1988) -, Geography is the study of the similarities and differences in geospheric phenomena with a territorial and environmental perspective in spatial contexts.